Choose the best answer for each multiple choice question. Usually, multiple choice questions include two or more answers that might appear to be correct but there is always one best answer.
1. While nicotine use in the United States is becoming more restrictive, marijuana use is becoming more decriminalized. These trends illustrate the concept(s) of:
A. Techniques of neutralization
B. Medicalization of deviance
C. Relativity of deviance
D. Deviance and crime
2. Having a big nose, a physical disability, or being related to a mass murder are forms of deviance referred to as:
A. Stigmas
B. Negative sanctions
C. Labels
D. Genetic predispositions
3. According to Henslin, most informal sanctions are:
A. Formal
B. Informal
C. Negative
D. Positive
4. The thinking that personality disorders are responsible for deviant behaviors is aligned with __________ explanations.
A. Biosocial
B. Psychological
C. Sociological
D. Cultural
5. Jane has learned shoplifting from her friends. This explanation of deviance is more aligned with the _____________ theory.
A. Differential association
B. Control
C. Labeling
D. Strain
6. Carlos resists the temptation to shoplift because his parents have used shame and guilt as means for him to resist peer pressure. This explanation of deviance is more aligned with the __________ theory.
A. Differential association
B. Control
C. Labeling
D. Strain
7. Mark shoplifts because in his sociology class he was taught that the capitalist class exploits the working class. He therefore believes that his behavior is justified as the store owners deserve to lose profits from stolen inventory. Marks's thinking is most aligned with this technique of neutralization referred to as:
A. Denial of responsibility
B. Denial of injury
C. Denial of victim
D. Appeal to higher loyalties
8. Symbolic interactions when focusing on deviance examine:
A. Definition of the situation
B. Opportunities to deviate or conform
C. Power structure
D. All of these
9. Which one of these is not a Durkheim explanation for why deviance is functional?
A. Deviance clarifies moral boundaries
B. Deviance encourages social unity
C. Deviance promotes social change
D. Deviance creates division of labor
10. Marissa shoplifts and sells her shoplifted inventory on E-Bay to pay for her college textbooks. According to the strain theory, Marissa is a:
A. Innovator
B. Ritualist
C. Retreatist
D. Rebel
11. While Gregory shoplifts from his local liquor store, Dr. Sam over bills on his patients' medical insurance claims. These behaviors illustrate that the types of crimes people commit are based on:
A. Legitimate opportunity structure
B. Illegitimate opportunity strucuture
C. Relativity of deviance
D. Rational choices
12. Conflict sociologists view the criminal justice system as:
A. Opium of the people
B. Hidden curriculum
C. False consciousness
D. Instrument of oppression
13. Which of the following individuals is more likely to have served prison time?
A. Hispanic female
B. African American male
C. Married college graduate
D. None of these
14. Based on the overall recidivism rate in the United States, we can conclude that the American prison system:
A. teaches people that crime does pay
B. rehabilitates prisoners successfully
C. teaches people that crime does not pay
D. needs to be a model for other countries
15. Sociologists such as Thomas Szasz criticize the medicalization of deviance because they view deviance as:
A. Behaviors rather than mental illness
B. Genetic predispositions
C. Crimes committed against society
D. Societal breakdown rather than individual medical behaviors
Answers
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. A
A. Techniques of neutralization
B. Medicalization of deviance
C. Relativity of deviance
D. Deviance and crime
2. Having a big nose, a physical disability, or being related to a mass murder are forms of deviance referred to as:
A. Stigmas
B. Negative sanctions
C. Labels
D. Genetic predispositions
3. According to Henslin, most informal sanctions are:
A. Formal
B. Informal
C. Negative
D. Positive
4. The thinking that personality disorders are responsible for deviant behaviors is aligned with __________ explanations.
A. Biosocial
B. Psychological
C. Sociological
D. Cultural
5. Jane has learned shoplifting from her friends. This explanation of deviance is more aligned with the _____________ theory.
A. Differential association
B. Control
C. Labeling
D. Strain
6. Carlos resists the temptation to shoplift because his parents have used shame and guilt as means for him to resist peer pressure. This explanation of deviance is more aligned with the __________ theory.
A. Differential association
B. Control
C. Labeling
D. Strain
7. Mark shoplifts because in his sociology class he was taught that the capitalist class exploits the working class. He therefore believes that his behavior is justified as the store owners deserve to lose profits from stolen inventory. Marks's thinking is most aligned with this technique of neutralization referred to as:
A. Denial of responsibility
B. Denial of injury
C. Denial of victim
D. Appeal to higher loyalties
8. Symbolic interactions when focusing on deviance examine:
A. Definition of the situation
B. Opportunities to deviate or conform
C. Power structure
D. All of these
9. Which one of these is not a Durkheim explanation for why deviance is functional?
A. Deviance clarifies moral boundaries
B. Deviance encourages social unity
C. Deviance promotes social change
D. Deviance creates division of labor
10. Marissa shoplifts and sells her shoplifted inventory on E-Bay to pay for her college textbooks. According to the strain theory, Marissa is a:
A. Innovator
B. Ritualist
C. Retreatist
D. Rebel
11. While Gregory shoplifts from his local liquor store, Dr. Sam over bills on his patients' medical insurance claims. These behaviors illustrate that the types of crimes people commit are based on:
A. Legitimate opportunity structure
B. Illegitimate opportunity strucuture
C. Relativity of deviance
D. Rational choices
12. Conflict sociologists view the criminal justice system as:
A. Opium of the people
B. Hidden curriculum
C. False consciousness
D. Instrument of oppression
13. Which of the following individuals is more likely to have served prison time?
A. Hispanic female
B. African American male
C. Married college graduate
D. None of these
14. Based on the overall recidivism rate in the United States, we can conclude that the American prison system:
A. teaches people that crime does pay
B. rehabilitates prisoners successfully
C. teaches people that crime does not pay
D. needs to be a model for other countries
15. Sociologists such as Thomas Szasz criticize the medicalization of deviance because they view deviance as:
A. Behaviors rather than mental illness
B. Genetic predispositions
C. Crimes committed against society
D. Societal breakdown rather than individual medical behaviors
Answers
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. A
Extra Credit Critical Thinking Question
What background assumptions do sociologists challenge when it comes to mental illness and homelessness?
Answer
Mental illness may not lead to homelessness but rather being homeless may lead to mental illness since we treat people who are homeless with contempt and deny them basic human needs such as the need to nurture social bonds, social integration, and dignity. Still we may arbitrarily label people who live on the streets as homeless and consequently treat them as mentally ill (Henslin, p. 186, 2015).
Scoring Guide:
15-14: Excellent
13-12: Very Good
11: You need more practice
10 and below: You need to re-read the text more carefully.
What background assumptions do sociologists challenge when it comes to mental illness and homelessness?
Answer
Mental illness may not lead to homelessness but rather being homeless may lead to mental illness since we treat people who are homeless with contempt and deny them basic human needs such as the need to nurture social bonds, social integration, and dignity. Still we may arbitrarily label people who live on the streets as homeless and consequently treat them as mentally ill (Henslin, p. 186, 2015).
Scoring Guide:
15-14: Excellent
13-12: Very Good
11: You need more practice
10 and below: You need to re-read the text more carefully.